One Commander 3.49.0 free instals1/7/2024 The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. Nigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The 2015 general election was the first time an incumbent president failed to be re-elected. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable democracy in the 1999 presidential election. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms in the Nigeria region. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 by Lord Lugard. Nigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification in the country. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi), and with a population of over 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. Nigeria ( / n aɪ ˈ dʒ ɪər i ə/ ⓘ ny- JEER-ee-ə), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.
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